Origin Of Carbonate Sedimentary Rocks Pdf Extra Quality !!install!! (BEST)
Carbonate sedimentary rocks, primarily limestones and dolostones , are defined by their unique intrabasinal origin
- Mudstone: Lime mud, quiet water.
- Wackestone: Mud with >10% grains.
- Packstone: Grains touching, mud between.
- Grainstone: Grains only, open pores.
- Boundstone: Organic framework (reef).
origin of carbonate sedimentary rocks
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- Seepage-reflux model (hyperhaline brines)
- Mixed-water (Dorag) model (meteoric-marine mixing)
- Microbial mediation (sulfate-reducing bacteria)
- Occurs when seawater becomes supersaturated with respect to CaCO₃ (saturation state Ω > 1).
- Triggers: Evaporation (tidal flats), CO₂ degassing (waterfalls, springs), or temperature increase.
Carbonate Platforms: These are large, shallow-water structures. They can be "rimmed" by reefs or sand shoals that protect a quiet lagoon, or "ramps" that gently slope into deeper water.Pelagic Carbonates: In the deep ocean, carbonates form from the "rain" of microscopic planktonic organisms like coccolithophores and globigerina. These accumulate as calcareous ooze above the Carbonate Compensation Depth (CCD). Diagenesis: The Transformation Process Mudstone: Lime mud, quiet water
- Macroscopic description: color, grain size, visible fossils, bedding.
- Thin section petrography: identify allochems (fossils, ooids, peloids), matrix (micrite/sparite), cements, diagenetic overprints.
- Mineralogy: XRD for calcite vs. dolomite; identify aragonite relics.
- Geochemistry: stable isotopes, trace elements, Sr for diagenesis and paleoenvironment.
- Facies interpretation: integrate field setting, textures, fossils to assign depositional environment.
- Diagenetic history: reconstruct burial, fluid flow, dolomitization, and cementation events.