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| Feature | Exotoxin | Endotoxin (LPS) | |---------|----------|-----------------| | Source | Gram (+ & -) | Gram (-) outer membrane | | Chemistry | Protein | Lipid A | | Heat stability | Labile (except superantigens) | Stable | | Action | Specific (e.g., neuro, enterotoxin) | Nonspecific (TNF, IL-1 → fever, shock) | | Example | Tetanus toxin, Cholera toxin | E. coli septic shock |
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