The buyer would pay the financier a predetermined interest rate, known as the Badla rate Reverse Badla:
Try contacting the SEBI Library or requesting data under the RTI act (for Indian residents). Public datasets are rare due to poor record-keeping pre-2000.
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The Index of Badla is calculated by taking the total number of delivery shortages and dividing it by the total traded quantity of a stock. The result is then multiplied by 100 to get the percentage. A higher Index of Badla indicates a greater extent of delivery shortages, which can be a sign of market manipulation.