A compelling story in the field of veterinary science and animal behavior is that of This case highlights how what appears to be a purely behavioral issue can actually be a symptom of an underlying physical condition. The Mystery of the Gulping Dogs
Validated behavioral pain scales (e.g., Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale) rely on observable behaviors (e.g., limping, guarding, facial expression). Machine learning algorithms are now being trained to detect pain from video footage of facial expressions in mice, horses, and dogs. "The Medical Mystery of 'Glugging' and 'Snoofing'