Environmentally Friendly Vehicles Ielts Reading Answers Repack -

Environmentally Friendly Vehicles: Driving Toward a Cleaner Future

IELTS Reading Answers and Tips

Government intervention has proven decisive in accelerating the uptake of environmentally friendly vehicles. Norway, a global leader, achieved 80% of new car sales as electric in 2022 through a combination of tax exemptions, free parking, access to bus lanes, and a comprehensive charging network. Conversely, nations lacking such incentives have seen negligible adoption rates.

introduced mandates for zero-emission vehicles. It details the following: Initial Resistance environmentally friendly vehicles ielts reading answers

: Companies were accused of "pandering" to CARB while secretly working with oil lobbyists to suppress demand for electric cars. Early Models : The passage mentions early electric attempts like the General Motors EV1 Honda EV Plus Toyota RAV4 EV The Hybrid Shift : Toyota's introduced mandates for zero-emission vehicles

Research from the IVL Swedish Environmental Institute indicates that producing a single lithium-ion battery for a BEV generates between 150 and 200 kilograms of CO2 per kilowatt-hour of battery capacity. Consequently, a BEV with a 75 kWh battery may start its life with a carbon debt of over 10 tonnes—equivalent to driving a conventional petrol car for roughly two years. Only after a certain mileage threshold, often termed the break-even point , does the BEV’s lower operational emissions compensate for its manufacturing footprint. For most drivers, this break-even occurs between 15,000 and 30,000 miles. Consequently, a BEV with a 75 kWh battery